Health and Medicine

PHYSIOTHERAPY: CARDIORESPIRATORY PHYSIOTHERAPY plays an important role in the treatment of COVID-19. Cardiorespiratory physiotherapy is an area of physiotherapy that specialises in the prevention , rehabilitation and compensation of patients with diseases and injuries in the heart and lungs. These conditions may manifest themselves as shortness of breath , persistent cough , increased work of breathing or the reduced ability to exercise. COOMON CARDIORESPIRATORY CONDITIONS INCLUDE : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) Asthma Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Emphysema Congestive cardiac Failure Respiratory Infections i.e. Pneumonia Hypertension Angina Myocardial Infarction peripheral Vascular Disease. Depending on the condition , the physiotherapy treatment may include : DEEP BREATHING EXERCISE : to encourage increased lung volumes HANDS ON TECHNIQUES AND BREATHING FACILITATION EXERCISE : to expand the lung capacity. PERCUSSION AND VIBRATIONS : to help

Anxiety Disorder: WHAT IS OCD? Obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which time people have recurring , unwanted thoughts , ideas or sensations that make them feel driven to do something repetitively. OCD causes the brain to get stuck on a particular thought or urge. For example: You may check the stove 20 times to make sure it's really turned off because you are terrified of burning down your house. Or , you may wash your hands until they are scrubbed raw for fear of germs. OCD OBSESSION AND COMPULSION: Obsession are involuntary thoughts , images or impulses that occur over and over again in your mind. These obsessive thoughts are often disturbing and distracting. Compulsions are behaviors that you feel driven to act out again and again. For eg: If you afraid of contamination , you might develop elaborate cleaning rituals , However the relief never lasts. THE VICIOUS CYCLE OF OCD : Mostly people with OCD fall int

TENNIS ELBOW : Tennis elbow is is an inflammation of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. The forearm muscles and tendons becomes damaged from overuse . It happens when you work your elbow too much by repeating certain movements. Playing tennis or other racquet sports can cause this condition , however several other sports and activities can also put you on risk.                                         There is video of exercise attached ANATOMY OF THE ELBOW JOINT: Elbow joint is a joint made up of three bones: Humerus(upper arm bone) Two bones in forearm(radius and ulna) There are bony bumps at the bottom of the humerus called epicondyles.  The bony bump on the outside (lateral side) of the elbow is called lateral epicondyle. Muscles , ligaments and tendons hold the elbow joint together. The forearm muscles extend your wrist and fingers , the forearm tendons often called extensors attach the muscles to bone. They attac

WHAT IS FROZEN SHOULDER? It is a painful condition in which the movement of the shoulder becomes limited. It occurs when the strong connective tissues surrounding the shoulder joint (joint capsule) becomes thick , stiff and inflammed. The joint capsule contains the ligaments that attach the top of the humeral head to the glenoid firmly holding the joint in place. The condition is called Frozen shoulder because the more pain that is felt , the less likely the shoulder will be used. Lack of use causes the shoulder capsule to thicken and become tight, making the shoulder even more difficult to move - it is frozen in this position.         Here is a exercise video of that which will help you to reduce pain:        WHO ARE AT RISKS? AGE: Adults are more commonly at risks who are in between 40 and 60 years old GENDER: More common in women than men. RECENT SHOULDER INJURY: Any shoulder injury or surgery that results in the need to keep the shoulder from moving . DIABETES: Between 10 to 20 per

WHAT IS CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS? Cervical Spondylosis is a common, age related condition that affects the joints and disc in your cervical spine. It is a condition that causes deterioration of the vertebrae, discs and ligaments in the neck or cervical spine. Other names are arthritis of the neck, cervical osteoarthritis, or degenerative osteoarthritis. In cervical spondylosis , the edges of the vertebrae often develop bone spurs called osteophytes. over time the discs get thinner, and their ability to absorb shock is lost , increasing the risk of symptoms. It develops from the wear and tear of cartilage and bones, while it's largely the result of age, it can be caused by other factor as well.                     To see this video  Just click on that to get the Isometric exercise for neck  CAUSES: BONE SPURS : These overgrowths of the bone are the result of the body trying to grow extra bone , however the extra bone can press on delicate areas of the spine such as the spinal cord and n

CACHEXIA : Cachexia is a complex change in the body, causing you to lose weight despite eating normally. Cachexia (kak-ex-ee-a) comes from the greek word kakos. It means bad. Hexis means condition. Anorexia means loss of apetite and is sometimes associated with cachexia. It is also called wasting syndrome or anorexia cachexia syndrome. People with cachexia lose muscle and often fat as well. With cachexia the cells in your muscles , fat, and liver might not respond well to insulin. Insulin helps to take glucose from your body, so your body can't use glucose from your blood for energy. Add caption Symptoms of cachexia: Involuntary weight loss Muscle wasting Loss of apetite or anorexia Reduced functional ability Swelling or oedema Complications: Diminished quality of life and loss of the ability to live independently. Impaired response to treatments. Reduced immunity. A reduced life expectancy from the underlying disease. Risk factors: Cancer, especially in the lung, pancreas, and sto

WHAT IS ZINC? Zinc is a nutrient that people need to stay healthy. Zinc is found in cells throughout the body. It helps the immune system fight off invading bacteria and viruses. The body also need zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells. During pregnancy, infancy, and childhood, the body needs zinc to grow and develop properly. Zinc also helps wounds to heal and is important for proper senses of tastes and smell. HOW MUCH ZINC DO I NEED? LIFE STAGE                                                                        RECOMMENDED AMOUNT/DAY Birth to 6 months                                                                    2mg Infants 7 - 12 months                                                              3mg Children 1 - 3 years                                                                 3mg Children 4 - 8 years                                                                 5mg Children 9 - 13 years                                                   

Viatmin D is a fat soluble vitamin  that is naturally present in very few foods,added to others and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger Vit.D synthesis. Vitamun D obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements is biologiocally inert and must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation. The first occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) , also known as calcidol. The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active , [1,25(OH)D], also known as calcitrol. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodelling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Together with cal

WHAT IS RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS(RA)? Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is an autoimmune disease that can cause joint pain and damage throughout your body. It is a chronic disease marked by symptoms of inflammation and pain in the joints. It can also cause inflammation of organs such as the lungs, eyes, skin, and heart. There is no cure for RA, but medications can stop the progression of the disease  and ease symptoms. The  joint damage that RA causes usually happens on both sides of the body. Treatment is possible when RA is diagnosed early. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The sign and symptoms of RA come and go, depending upon the degree of inflammation. When the body tissues are inflammed, the disease is active and when the tissue inflammation subsides the disease is inactive. THE SIGN AND SYMPTOMS INCLUDE; Fatigue low grade fever muscle and joint pain joint tenderness joint deformity loss of energy rheumatoid nodules loss of joint function limping stiffness Muscle and joint stiffness are usually seen in the

WHAT IS HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE(HCQ)? It is a derivative of chloroquine that has both antimalarial and antiinflammatory activities and is now most often used as an antirheumatological agent in systemic lupus erthematosis and rheumatoid arthritis. It is only found in individuals who have taken this drug. As an antirheumatic , hydroxychloroquine  is thought to act as a mild immunosuppressant,inhibiting the production of rheumatoid factor and acute phase reactants. It is also a disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD). It regulates the activity of the immune system, which amy be overactive in some conditions.  IS IT SAFE? Hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for symptoms of lupus. Anew investigation analyzed the retinal changes over a five year period in people with lupus and did not find clinically relevant retinal changes in the group. Thus the study concludes thst this is safe for long term use at doses <5mg/kg/day. ROLE OF HYDROXY-CHLOROQU

SARS - The acronym SARS stands for severe acute respiratory syndrome.It is also the name of the respiratory illness which is caused by SARS- CoV. The origin of SARS was also thought to be by bats. The global SARS outbreak lasted from 2002 to2003. Over 8000 people were sickened and around 700 people died during this. It is beleived that the virus passed from bats to an intermediate animal host , the civet cat , before jumping to humans. Fever is one of the foremost symptom of SARS.This also have other symptoms like.............. cough  malaise  body ache and pain     SIMILARITIES IN COVID -19 AND SARS Both are respiratory illness caused by coronavirus. Both are beleived to be originated from bats. Both are spread by respiratory droplets or by conatact with the infected person or contaminated objects. Both can lead to serious illness and death. Both doesn't have any specific treatment or vaccines. common symptoms of COVID-19 Fever cough fatigue shortness of breath  CORONA CAN END UP

what is placebo effect? It is a phenomenon in which some people experience a benefit after the administration of inactive substance. A placebo is a fake treatment that in some cases it can produce a realistic result. This depends upon the expectation of the patient,the more a paerson expects the treatment will work, it is more likely to respond. Things that will influence the placebo effect includes                                                                          The nature of illness The belief system of the patient during treatment The expectation of the patient if fulfilling The positive message from the doctor about treatment EFFECT ON HORMONES Taking the placebo tretament triggered the release of endorphins. Endorphins have a similar structure as morphine and other opiate painkillers and act as the brains own natural painkillers. Other possible things include conditioning , motivation and expectation. People who are highly motivated