Viatmin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods,added to others and available as a dietary supplement. It is also produced endogenously when ultraviolet rays from sunlight strike the skin and trigger Vit.D synthesis. Vitamun D obtained from sun exposure, food and supplements is biologiocally inert and must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation. The first occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) , also known as calcidol. The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active , [1,25(OH)D], also known as calcitrol. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption in the gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and to prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It is also needed for bone growth and bone remodelling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Vitamin D sufficiency prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Together with...
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