OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA

Bone disease :

Osteogenesis Imperfecta(OI) is a group of rare disorder affecting the connective tissue and characterized by extremely fragile bones that break or fracture easily (brittle bones) , often without apparent cause.

OI can vary from case to case , this may be a mild disorder or may result in severe complications.

This disease causes bones to be very weak and break with little or no trauma.

OI is also known as brittle bone disease.

There are eight different types of OI , each types have different signs and symptoms.

The most common are the 4 types which will be discussed here:

Type I

Least severe and most common
More fractures will occur during childhood than adulthood
Some children may also experience hearing loss

Type II

More severe
Underdeveloped bones at birth
Infants are born with soft skull bones

Type III

Very severe
Many infants are born with broken bones
Poor muscular development
Curved spine
Treatment need throughout the life

Type IV

Can range from mild to severe
Most children experience fractures before puberty
Bowed legs and curved spine

The four lesser lnown types only affect a total of 10 percent of people with OI.

The cause of this mutation is unknown.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF OI ?

The symptoms can range from the severity of the disease. The most common symptoms are :

Weak muscles
Loose joints
Brittle teeth
Triangular face
Bowed legs
Curved spine
Malformed bones
Blue or purple sclera
Problem in breathing

DIAGNOSIS :

Collagen test
Physical examination
Family history
X-rays

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT :

There is no cure of this disease but the symptoms can be managed . Surgery to treat OI can involve the placement of rods into the bones to strengthen them and prevent them from breaking and deforming.

Physical therapy can also be used to strengthen muscles and to teach patients how to prevent breaks.

It is important to practice a healthy lifestyle when one has OI , by eating a healthy diet rich in calcium , one can help improve bone strength .

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